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what is it like to switch from n suv to a pick up truck

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A sport utility vehicle or SUV is a car classification that combines elements of route-going rider cars with features from off-road vehicles, such as raised ground clearance and four-wheel bulldoze.

There is no commonly agreed-upon definition of an SUV and usage of the term varies between countries. Thus, it is "a loose term that traditionally covers a broad range of vehicles with 4-wheel drive."[1] Some definitions merits that an SUV must be built on a light truck chassis; yet, broader definitions consider any vehicle with off-road blueprint features to be an SUV. A crossover SUV is ofttimes defined as an SUV built with a unibody structure (as with passenger cars), still, in many cases, crossovers are simply referred to as SUVs.

The predecessors to SUVs date back to military machine and low-volume models from the tardily 1930s, and the iv-wheel drive station wagons and carryalls that began to be introduced in 1949. The 1984 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) is considered to exist the first SUV in the modernistic way. Some SUVs produced today use unibody construction; all the same, in the past, more SUVs used body-on-frame construction. During the late 1990s and early on 2000s, the popularity of SUVs greatly increased, often at the expense of the popularity of large sedans and station wagons.

More recently, smaller SUVs, mid-size, and crossovers take become increasingly popular. SUVs are currently the world'southward largest automotive segment and deemed for 45.ix% of the earth's passenger motorcar market in 2021.[ii]

SUVs take been criticized for a variety of environmental and safety-related reasons. They generally have poorer fuel efficiency and require more resource to manufacture than smaller vehicles, thus contributing more to climate change and environmental degradation.[three] Their higher eye of gravity increases their take chances of rollovers. Their larger mass increases their braking radius, reduces visibility, and increases impairment to other road users in collisions. Their higher front-end profile makes them at least twice as likely to kill pedestrians they hit.[4] Additionally, the psychological sense of security they provide influences drivers to drive less cautiously.[v]

Definitions [edit]

There is no universally accepted definition of the sport utility vehicle.[6] Dictionaries, automotive experts, and journalists use varying wordings and defining characteristics, in addition to regional variations of usage past both the media and the general public. The auto industry also has not settled on one definition of the SUV.[6]

The actual term "Sport Utility Vehicle" did not come up into wide popular usage until the late 1980s. Before then, such vehicles were marketed as four-wheel drives, jeeps, station wagons, or other monikers.[ commendation needed ]

American English [edit]

Automotive websites' descriptions of SUVs range from specifically "combining car-like appointments and wagon practicality with steadfast off-route capability" with "chair-elevation seats and picture-window visibility"[vii] to the more than general "nearly annihilation with available all-bicycle drive and raised basis clearance".[8] Information technology is as well suggested that the term "SUV" has replaced "jeep" as a general term for off-road vehicles.[ix]

American dictionary definitions for SUVs include:

  • "rugged automotive vehicle like to a station railroad vehicle but built on a light-truck chassis"[10]
  • "auto similar to a station wagon simply built on a light truck frame"[11]
  • "large vehicle that is designed to be used on crude surfaces only that is often used on city roads or highways"[10]
  • "passenger vehicle similar to a station wagon only with the chassis of a pocket-size truck and, normally, four-bike bulldoze"[12]

British English language [edit]

In British English language, the terms "4x4" (pronounced "four-by-four"), "jeep", or "off-road vehicle" are generally used instead of "sport utility vehicle". The term "Chelsea tractor" is besides commonly used, due to the perceived popularity of the vehicles with both farmers and residents of Chelsea, London. Notwithstanding, in recent years the term SUV has entered usage in the United Kingdom[13] [fourteen] [fifteen] [16] [ dubious – discuss ]

The Collins English language Dictionary defines a sport utility vehicle equally a "powerful vehicle with 4-wheel drive that tin can be driven over rough ground. The abbreviation SUV is often used."[17]

Other countries [edit]

In Europe, the term SUV is generally used for road-oriented vehicles, described equally "J-segment" past the European Commission.[18] [19] [twenty] "4-by-4" or the brand name of the vehicle is typically used for off-road-oriented vehicles. Similarly, in New Zealand, vehicles designed for off-road utilize are typically referred to as "four-wheel drives" instead of SUVs.

Government regulations [edit]

In the United States, many authorities regulations simply take categories for "off-highway vehicles" which are loosely defined and often issue in SUVs (along with choice-up trucks and minivans) being classified as light trucks.[6] [21] For case, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations previously included "let greater cargo-carrying chapters than passenger carrying volume" in the definition for trucks, resulting in SUVs being classified equally light trucks.[22]

This classification equally trucks immune SUVs to be regulated less strictly than passenger cars nether the Energy Policy and Conservation Deed for fuel economy, and the Clean Air Act for emissions.[23] Nevertheless, from 2004 onwards, the United States Environmental Protection Bureau (EPA) began to agree sport utility vehicles to the same tailpipe emissions standards equally cars.[24] In 2011, the Cafe regulations were changed to classify minor, two-wheel bulldoze SUVs as passenger cars.[25]

However, the licensing and traffic enforcement regulations in the United States vary from country to state, and an SUV may be classified as a car in some states but as a truck in others.[26] For industry production statistics, SUVs are counted in the light truck product segment.[27]

In India, all SUVs are classified in the "Utility Vehicle" category per the Society of Indian Car Manufacturers (SIAM) definitions and carry a 27% excise tax.[28] Those that are 4 metres (xiii anxiety) long, take a 1,500 cc (92 cu in) engine or larger, forth with 170 mm (6.vii in) of ground clearance, are field of study to a xxx% excise duty.[29]

In Australia, SUV sales were helped by having lower import duties than passenger cars. Up until January 2010, SUVs were subject area to a five% import tariff, compared with 10% for passenger cars.[30] [31]

Characteristics [edit]

Chassis [edit]

Many years afterward most passenger cars had transitioned to unibody construction, most SUVs continued to use a divide torso-on-frame method, due to being based on the chassis from a light truck, commercial vehicle, pickup truck, or off-road vehicle.

The first mass-produced unibody four-wheel drive passenger car was the Russian 1955 GAZ-M20 Pobeda M-72,[32] [33] which could be considered the start crossover machine. The 1977 Lada Niva was the first off-road vehicle to use both a unibody construction and a curlicue-sprung independent front interruption. The relatively compact Niva is considered a predecessor to the crossover SUV and combines a hatchback-like passenger automobile body with full-time four-wheel drive, depression-range gearing, and lockable middle differential.

Nonetheless, unibody SUVs remained rare until the 1984 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) was introduced and became a sales success. The introduction of the 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee resulted in all Jeep SUV models using unibody construction,[34] with many other brands post-obit suit since the mid-1990s. Today, most SUVs in product utilize a unibody construction and relatively few models keep to utilize body-on-frame construction.

Body style [edit]

SUVs are typically of a two-box pattern similar to a station wagon. The engine compartment is in the front, followed by a combined passenger/cargo area (unlike a sedan, which has a separate body/boot compartment).

Up until approximately 2010, many SUV models were bachelor in 2-door body styles.[35] Since and so, manufacturers began to discontinue the 2-door models as the 4-door models became more than popular.[36] [37] [38]

A few 2-door SUVs remain available, such as the torso-on-frame Suzuki Jimny, Toyota Land Cruiser Prado, Ford Bronco,[39] and Jeep Wrangler[forty] [41] likewise as the Range Rover Evoque crossover SUV.

Condom [edit]

SUVs typically have high ground clearance and a tall torso. This results in a loftier center of mass, which made SUVs more prone to roll-over accidents.[42] [43] In 2003, SUVs were quoted equally 2.5 times more than likely to whorl over in a crash than regular cars and that SUV roofs were more probable to cave in on passengers than in other cars, resulting in increased harm to passengers.[42] [44]

Between 1991 and 2001, the Us saw a 150% increase in sport-utility vehicle rollover deaths. In 2001, though roll-overs constituted just 3% of vehicle crashes overall, they caused over 30% of occupant fatalities in crashes;[42] and in crashes where the vehicle did roll over, SUV occupants in the early 2000s were nearly three times equally likely to be killed as other motorcar passengers.[42] Vehicles with a loftier center of gravity do sometimes fail the moose test of maneuverability conducted by Swedish consumer magazine Teknikens Värld, for example, the 1997 Mercedes-Benz A-Class and 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee.[45]

The increasing popularity of SUVs in the 1990s and early 2000s was partly due to buyers perceiving that SUVs provide greater safety for occupants, due to their larger size and raised ride height.[42] [46] [47] [48] Regarding the safety of other road users, SUVs are exempted from the regulation[ where? ] that a passenger machine bumper must protect the area between sixteen and 20 inches (41 and 51 cm) higher up the ground. This often increases the harm to the other automobile in a collision with an SUV, because the bear on occurs at a higher location on the other car.[49] [50] In 2000–2001, 60% of fatal side-impact collisions were where the other vehicle was an SUV, an increment from 30% in 1980–1981.[51]

The introduction of electronic stability control and rollover mitigation, besides as increased analysis of the risks of rollover, led the IIHS to study in 2015 that "the rollover death rate of 5 per million registered vehicle years for 2011 models is less than a quarter of what it was for 2004 models. With ESC dramatically reducing rollover risk, the inherent advantages offered by SUVs' greater size, weight, and elevation emerge more clearly. Today'southward SUVs take the lowest commuter death rate of any vehicle type."[52]

The high danger for cyclists and pedestrians of existence seriously injured or even killed by SUV drivers (who are non observing the street carefully[ citation needed ]) has caused some public protests confronting SUVs in urban areas.[53] In 2020, a report by the Us-based IIHS plant that, of a sample of 79 crashes from 3 urban areas in Michigan, SUVs caused more serious injuries compared to cars when impacts occurred at greater than 31 km/h (nineteen mph). The IIHS noted the sample size of the study was small and that more research is needed, but noted that injury patterns were consistent with earlier studies in the United States that showed SUVs were more likely than cars to throw pedestrians forrard and nearly twice equally likely to crusade severe hip and thigh injuries.[54]

Environmental bear on [edit]

SUVs generally accept poorer fuel efficiency than smaller cars,[55] and thus contribute more than to environmental degradation and global warming.

SUVs emit about 700 megatonnes of carbon dioxide per yr,[3] a gas that is linked to global warming. According to the International Free energy Agency, from 2010 SUVs have been the 2d-largest contributor to the increase in global COtwo emissions, 2nd only to the power sector.[3]

SUVs were responsible for all of the 3.3 meg barrels a day growth in oil demand from passenger cars betwixt 2010 and 2018, whereas efficiency improvements in smaller cars saved over ii million barrels a day, with electric cars reducing oil demand by nether 100,000 barrels a day.[three]

Whereas SUVs can be electrified,[56] or converted to run on a diversity of culling fuels, including hydrogen,[57] their (manufacturing) emissions volition always be larger than smaller electric cars.[58] On average, SUVs consume about a quarter more energy than medium-size cars.[3] Furthermore, the vast bulk of these vehicles are non converted to use culling fuels.

Types of SUV [edit]

Crossover SUV [edit]

The "crossover SUV" segment (also known every bit "CUVs" or simply "crossovers") has get increasingly popular since around 2010. Crossovers are often based on a platform shared with a passenger car, as a issue they typically have meliorate comfort and fuel economy, merely less off-road capability (many crossovers are sold without all-wheel drive) than pickup truck-based SUVs.[59] [60] [61]

The difference between crossovers and other SUVs is sometimes divers as a crossover being built using a unibody platform (the type used past most rider cars), while an SUV is built using a torso-on-frame platform (the type used by off-route vehicles and low-cal trucks).[62] [63] [64] All the same, these definitions are often blurred in exercise, since unibody vehicles are likewise often referred to every bit SUVs.[65] [66] Also, crossover is a relatively recent term and early unibody SUVs (such equally the 1984 Jeep Cherokee) are rarely called crossovers. Due to these inconsistencies, the term SUV is often used every bit a catch-all for both crossovers and SUVs.[67]

Outside of the United States, the term crossover tends to be used for C-segment (compact) or smaller vehicles, with large unibody vehicles—such as the Dodge Durango, Mercedes-Benz GLS-Grade, BMW X7, and Range Rover—normally referred to every bit SUVs rather than crossovers. In the United kingdom, a crossover is sometimes defined equally a hatchback model with raised ride top and SUV-similar styling features.[68] [69]

Examples: Category:Crossover sport utility vehicles ( 504 )

Mini SUV [edit]

The smallest size class of SUVs is the "mini SUV". In Japan, SUVs under 3,400 mm (133.9 in)—such as the Mitsubishi Pajero Mini—are included in the kei automobile category and therefore concenter lower taxes.

Many recent vehicles labeled equally mini SUVs are technically subcompact crossovers and are built on the platform of a subcompact (as well chosen supermini or B-segment) passenger car.

Examples: Category:Mini sport utility vehicles ( 164 )

Compact SUV [edit]

The "compact SUV" is the next bigger size class after mini SUVs.

Many recent vehicles labeled as meaty SUVs are technically compact crossovers and are built on the platform of a compact (C-segment) rider automobile.

Examples: Category:Meaty sport utility vehicles ( 272 )

Mid-size SUV [edit]

The adjacent larger size is called the "mid-size SUV". Some mid-size SUVs are based on platforms shared with passenger cars and therefore, are crossovers. Other mid-size SUVs are based on compact or mid-size pickups.

Examples: Category:Mid-size sport utility vehicles ( 214 )

  • Ford Bronco, off-road mid-size SUV with a compact 2-door version available

Full-size SUV [edit]

Full-size SUVs are the largest size of commonly produced SUVs. Some, such as the Ford Trek, and Chevrolet Tahoe, are marketed for their off-road capabilities, and others, such as the Lincoln Navigator and Cadillac Escalade, are marketed as luxury vehicles. While a few full-size SUVs are congenital on defended platforms; almost share their platforms with full-sized pickups.

Examples: Category:Total-size sport utility vehicles ( 57 )

Extended-length SUV [edit]

Some North American SUVs are available every bit a long-bodied version of a total-size SUV, which is called an "extended-length SUV" like the Ford Expedition EL and the Chevrolet Suburban. The boosted length is used to provide extra space for rear passengers or cargo. Every bit per the full-size SUVs they are based on, virtually extended-length SUVs are congenital on dedicated platforms, full-sized pickups, or heavy-duty pickups.

Extended-length SUVs are mostly sold in Due north America but may as well be exported to other markets in small numbers.

Examples: Category:Expanded length sport utility vehicles ( fifteen )

Coupe SUV [edit]

Some SUVs or crossovers with sloping rear rooflines are marketed every bit "coupe crossover SUVs" or "coupe SUVs", even though they have iv side doors for passenger access to the seats and rear hatches for cargo expanse admission.

History [edit]

1930s to 1948 [edit]

Only before and during World War 2, prototypes and low-volume production examples of armed forces cars with sedan or station-wagon type bodies and rugged, off-route capable 4-bike drive chassis began to announced effectually the earth. These early on models included the 1936 Kurogane Type 95 from Japan, the 1938 GAZ-61 from Russian federation as well as the 1941 Volkswagen Kommandeurswagen and 1936 Opel Geländesportwagen[70] from Federal republic of germany. An early on predecessor to the design of modern SUVs[ commendation needed ] was the 1940 Humber Heavy Utility, a four-bicycle drive off-road vehicle congenital on the chassis of the Humber Super Snipe passenger car.[71]

The well-nigh prohibitive initial factors to the potential civilian popularity of an SUV-like auto were their toll and the availability of certain critical parts. Before the war, adding iv-wheel bulldoze to a car almost doubled its cost.[72] Compared to a common, rear-cycle bulldoze vehicle, any 4WD (4-cycle bulldoze) needed many essential extra components, including a transfer case, a second differential, and constant-velocity joints for the driven front beam—which were expensive due to the precision involved in this required manufacturing gears and other specialized parts. Earlier World WarII, these were produced in the U.s.a. by simply a few specialized firms with limited production chapters. Due to the increase in demand for parts for the war effort, in the spring of 1942 Ford, Dodge, and Chevrolet joined in fabricating these parts in mass quantities, boosting their production more than 100-fold.[73]

An early on usage of the term was the 1947 Crosley CC Four Sport Utility model, which used a convertible railroad vehicle body style and is therefore unrelated to the design of later on SUVs.[74] [75] [76]

1949 to 1970s [edit]

Several models of carryall wagons began to be offered with four-wheel drive, starting time in 1949 when the Willys Jeep Station Wagon introduced the option of iv-cycle drive.[77] [78] Iv-wheel bulldoze versions of the Chevrolet Suburban were introduced for 1955, followed by the International Harvester Travelall in 1956 (credited as being the first full-size SUV)[79] and the Power Carriage Town Wagon in 1957.[79] [80]

Adult as a competitor to the Jeep CJ, the compact International Harvester Sentry was introduced in 1961, offering either two- or 4-wheel drive and a multifariousness of engine options. The Harvester Sentinel provided many other options designed to entreatment to a wide range of customers for numerous uses besides.[81] The 1963 Jeep Wagoneer (SJ) introduced a sophisticated station wagon trunk pattern that was more carlike than whatever other four-wheel drive vehicle on the market.[82] The 1967 Toyota Land Cruiser FJ55 station railroad vehicle was the first comfort-oriented version of the Land Cruiser off-road vehicle. The ii-door Chevrolet K5 Blazer (and related GMC K5 Jimmy) were introduced for 1969, and the two-door International Harvester Picket II was introduced in 1971. The get-go European luxury off-road vehicle was the 1970 Range Rover Archetype, which was marketed every bit a luxury car for both on-road and off-route usage.[83] [84]

Subaru Leone 4WD station railroad vehicle

In 1972 Subaru Leone 4WD wagon was introduced in Nihon, which was non designed every bit an off-road vehicle at all but instead was a variant of a compact passenger machine. Some contend that this was the first SUV.[85] Like later SUVs, information technology was also considered a commercial vehicle in the dwelling house market.[86]

The first relevant usage of the term SUV was in advertising brochures for the total-sized 1974 Jeep Cherokee (SJ), which used the wording "sport(s) utility vehicle" as a description for the vehicle.[87] [88] The 1966 Ford Bronco included a "sport utility" model, however in this case it was used for the two-door pickup truck version.[89]

The VAZ-2121 (now designated Lada Niva Fable) was the starting time mass-market 4WD unibody car in some markets in 1977.[xc] The AMC Hawkeye introduced in the N American market in 1979, and is often called the showtime mass market "crossover", although that term had not been coined at the time.[91] [92] In contrast to truck or utility-vehicle based designs also equally to Niva adult from scratch, American Motors Corporation (AMC) utilized a long-serving existing auto platform and designed a new automatic full-time AWD arrangement.[93] The AMC Eagle was adult equally a passenger car offering numerous comfort, luxury, and convenience features in sedan, coupe, and station wagon body styles.[94] Four Wheeler magazine described the AMC Eagle equally "the starting time of a new generation of cars".[95]

1980s to 1990s [edit]

The compact-sized 1984 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) is ofttimes credited as the first SUV in the modern agreement of the term.[96] The utilise of unibody structure was unique at the time for a four-wheel bulldoze and as well reduced the weight of the new Cherokee. Information technology besides appealed to urban families due to having a more meaty size (compared to the full-size Wagoneer and previous generation Cherokee SJ models) as well as a plush interior resembling a station railroad vehicle.[96] As the new Cherokee became a major sales success, the term "sport utility vehicle" began to be used in the national printing for the first time.[96] "The advent and firsthand success of AMC/Jeep'southward compact iv-door Cherokee turned the truck industry upside downwards."[97]

The corporate average fuel economy (Cafe) standard that was introduced in 1975 to reduce fuel usage, merely included relaxed regulations for "light trucks" to avoid businesses paying actress taxes for work vehicles. This created a loophole that manufacturers increasingly exploited since the 1980s oil glut (which started an era of cheap gasoline), whereby SUVs were designed to be classified every bit lite trucks despite their primary employ every bit passenger vehicles to receive tax concessions and less stringent fuel economy requirements.[98] For case, the Usa Ecology Protection Agency agreed to classify the new Jeep Cherokee as a light truck following lobbying from its manufacturer; the Cherokee was and so marketed by the company every bit a passenger vehicle.[46] This increased the SUV smash equally other manufacturers introduced their own SUVs in response to the compact Cherokee taking sales from their regular cars.[99]

SUVs increased in popularity throughout the 1990s to the extent that by late 1996 Consumers Digest magazine was calling the tendency an "SUV craze",[100] and by 1999 the U.S. sales of SUVs and calorie-free trucks for the offset time exceeded sales of regular rider cars.[42] : 2

2000s [edit]

By 2003, there were 76 million SUVs and light trucks on U.S. roads, representing approximately 35% of the vehicles on the route.[42]

Car manufacturers were corking to promote SUV sales over other types of cars due to higher profits in the segment. An SUV could be sold with a profit margin of Usa$10,000 or more (US$eighteen,000 per SUV in the case of the Ford Excursion), while compact cars were ofttimes sold at a loss of a few hundred dollars per car.[101] [102] [103] As a issue, several manufacturing plants were converted from car product to SUV production (such as the General Motors plant in Arlington, Texas in 1996), and many long-running U.South. sedan models were discontinued.[104] [105] [106]

From the mid-2000s until 2010, U.S. sales of SUVs and other light trucks experienced a dip due to increasing fuel prices and so a declining economy. From 2008 to 2010, Full general Motors closed iv associates plants that were producing SUVs and trucks.[107] Sales of SUVs and low-cal trucks sales began to recover in 2010, as fuel prices decreased and the Northward American economy improved.[108]

2010s to 2020s [edit]

In 2019, the International Free energy Bureau (IEA) reported that the global number of SUVs and crossovers on the road multiplied past six since 2010—from 35 million to 200 1000000 vehicles, and their market share has grown to 40 percent of worldwide new light-vehicle sales at the finish of the decade.[109]

By 2013, small and compact SUVs had increased to become the 3rd-largest market segment.[27] Since the early 2000s, new versions have been introduced to appeal to a wider audience, such equally crossovers and other pocket-size SUVs.[110] Larger SUVs as well remained popular, with sales of General Motors' big SUV models increasing significantly in 2013.[111]

In 2015, global sales of SUVs overtook the "lower medium car" segment, to go the largest market segment, accounting for 22.9% of "light vehicle" sales in 2015.[110] The following year, worldwide SUV sales experienced further growth of 22%. The earth's fastest-growing SUV markets in 2014–2015 were: China (+ 47.nine%), Italy (+ 48.six%), Spain (+ 42%), Portugal (+ 54.8 %), and Thailand (+ 56.4%).[110] The SUV segment further grew to 26% of the global passenger motorcar marketplace in 2016, then to 36.viii% of the market in Q1–Q3 of 2017.[112] [113] [110]

In the U.S. at the finish of 2016, sales of SUVs and light-duty trucks had surpassed traditional car sales for the year by over 3 one thousand thousand units.[114] Manufacturers connected to phase out the product of sedan models, replacing them with new models of SUVs.[115] Luxury brands have increasingly introduced SUV or crossover models in the 2010s. For example: Rolls-Royce Cullinan, Bentley Bentayga, Aston Martin DBX, Maserati Levante, and Lamborghini Urus. Ferrari has appear that they will release an SUV model in 2022.[116]

In 2019 SUVs made up 47.iv% of U.Due south. sales compared to only 22.1% for sedans.[117]

Motorsport [edit]

SUVs have competed in various off-route racing competitions, such as the Dakar Rally, Baja 1000, FIA Cross-Land Rally World Cup, Rex of the Hammers, and Australasian Safari. SUVs have also competed in the Trophee Andros ice-racing series.

Nicknames [edit]

Several derogatory or pejorative terms for SUVs are based on the combination of an affluent suburb name and "tractor", particularly for expensive vehicles from luxury brands. Examples include "Toorak Tractor" (Melbourne, Australia),[118] [119] "Chelsea Tractor" (London, England)[120] and "Remuera Tractor" (Auckland, New Zealand). These terms relate to the theory that four-wheel drive capabilities are non required by affluent SUV owners, and that the SUV is purchased as a status symbol rather than for practical reasons.

In Norway, the term Børstraktor ('Stock Substitution Tractor') serves a like purpose.[121] In the Netherlands, SUVs are sometimes called "P.C. Hooft-tractors" after the exclusive P.C. Hooftstraat Amsterdam shopping street.[122]

Commercial SUVs [edit]

A commercial SUV is an SUV or crossover, that is used for commercial purposes. The category is very similar to console trucks since the Chevrolet Suburban (an SUV) had panel truck versions, which were used for commercial purposes.

The first SUV-like vehicle that had commercial versions was the Chevrolet Suburban console truck. Console trucks by American manufacturers were built until the late 1970s.

While console trucks manufactured by European manufacturers were rare, commercial versions of off-road vehicles were very mutual, Land Rover manufactured commercial versions of the State Rover and the Defender. Commercial SUVs are manufacturing plant-built and most of them are non independent conversions, which means they can be bought from dealerships and showrooms.[123]

Examples of SUVs used as commercial vehicles in Europe include: Citroen C5 Aircross Commercial SUV,[124] the Country Rover Discovery, the Dacia Squeegee Flika,[125] and the Mitsubishi Pajero.

See besides [edit]

  • Criticism of sport utility vehicles
  • Esuvee
  • Four-bicycle drive
  • Off-route vehicle
  • List of sport utility vehicles
  • Recreational vehicle
  • Crossover city car

References [edit]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Hearst Autos Research (13 April 2020). "SUV Meaning: What is an SUV?". Car and Driver. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  2. ^ "New registrations of SUVs in key automobile markets, 2010-2021 –Charts – Data & Statistics - IEA". 6 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e Cozzi, Laura; Petropoulos, Apostolos. "Growing preference for SUVs challenges emissions reductions in rider car market place". International Energy Agency. Archived from the original on 4 Feb 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020. On average, SUVs swallow most a quarter more energy than medium-size cars. As a result, the global fuel economy worsened caused in part past the rising SUV demand since the beginning of the decade, even though efficiency improvements in smaller cars saved over 2 million barrels a day, and electrical cars displaced less than 100,000 barrels a twenty-four hours. In fact, SUVs were responsible for all of the iii.3 million barrels a twenty-four hour period growth in oil demand from passenger cars between 2010 and 2018, while oil use from other types of cars (excluding SUVs) declined slightly.
  4. ^ Lawrence, Eric D.; Bomey, Nathan; Tanner, Kristi (1 July 2018). "Death on human foot: America'southward love of SUVs is killing pedestrians". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on xiv December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  5. ^ Gladwell, Malcolm (v January 2004). "Big and Bad". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on xix February 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  6. ^ a b c Bradsher 2002, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBradsher2002 (assistance)
  7. ^ Bumbeck, Mike (Baronial 2013). "Utility in Style - The 1972 Jeep Wagoneer blends an iconic design with modern driveability". Hemmings Classic Auto . Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  8. ^ DeMuro, Doug (October 2013). "SUV vs. Crossover: What's the Difference?". Autotrader . Retrieved 26 Oct 2020.
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  10. ^ a b "Definition of SUV". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on v January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  11. ^ "Definition of Sport-utility Vehicle". Merriam-Webster. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2020. an auto similar to a station wagon but built on a lite truck frame
  12. ^ Webster's New World College Lexicon (Quaternary ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  13. ^ "Top ten Best family SUVs 2021". Autocar. twenty January 2021. Retrieved ix May 2021.
  14. ^ "Search Chambers: 4-by-four". Chambers 21st Century Lexicon . Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  15. ^ "Search Chambers: jeep". Chambers 21st Century Dictionary . Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  16. ^ "Search Chambers: off-road vehicle". Chambers 21st Century Lexicon . Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  17. ^ Collins Cobuild Avant-garde English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
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  19. ^ "Car prices within the European union / Prix des voitures au sein de l'Matrimony européenne / Autopreise in der europäischen Union" (PDF). ec.europa.eu (in English, French, and German). Brussels: Publications Office of the European Marriage. i January 2011. Retrieved iii March 2019. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ "Impact on the Competitiveness of the European Automotive Industry of Potential FTA with India and ASEAN" (PDF). www.europa.eu. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2013.
  21. ^ Davis, Stacy C.; Williams, Susan E.; Boundy, Robert Yard. (2016). "Transportation Energy Data Book" (PDF) (35th ed.). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. pp. 3–v. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  22. ^ Fuhs, Allen (2008). Hybrid Vehicles: and the Future of Personal Transportation. CRC Printing. p. 263. ISBN9781420075342 . Retrieved 8 April 2019.
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Bibliography [edit]

  • Bradsher, Keith (2002). High and Mighty: SUVs – The World'southward Most Dangerous Vehicles and How They Got That Way . New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN1-58648-123-1.
  • Chapman, Giles (2005). SUV: The World's Greatest Sport Utility Vehicles. London: Merrell Publishers. ISBN1858942748.
  • Henshaw, Peter (2005). The Ultimate Guide to SUVs and Off-Road Vehicles. Edison, NJ, U.s.a.: Chartwell Books. ISBN0785818200.
  • Jacobs, David H. (1998). Sport Utility Vehicles: The Off-Road Revolution. New York: Todtri Book Publishers. ISBN1577170857.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle

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